The leading cause of mortality in the United States is heart disease. Another common cause of death is stroke. High cholesterol is a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke.
Cholesterol is a chemical naturally found in the human body that is used in various physiological processes. Vitamin D, some hormones (like estrogen and testosterone) and cell membranes are made from or contain cholesterol.
Cholesterol is also a component of low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles in the blood – commonly referred to as “bad cholesterol.” When LDL levels are high they can undergo a chemical reaction causing atherosclerosis (“hardening of the arteries”). This narrowing of blood vessels contributes to a variety of circulation problems including heart disease and stroke. Tobacco use, high blood pressure and diabetes can promote atherosclerosis.
Naturally, we can avoid high levels of LDL particles in the blood by eating a diet high in fruits and vegetables. Regular exercise and maintaining a healthy weight also help lower LDL levels.
Some people are genetically predisposed to having high LDL levels in their blood which can dramatically increase risk of heart disease and stroke even if they eat a healthy diet and exercise regularly. These individuals need medicine to lower their LDL levels.
There are many medications that can lower LDL levels. Statins are the most effective and widely used. Common examples of statins include atorvastatin (Lipitor) and rosuvastatin (Crestor). Statins work by interfering with the liver’s natural production of cholesterol which causes the liver to lower LDL levels in the blood which reduces atherosclerosis. Some statins can even decrease LDL levels by more than 50 or 60 percent!
Like all medications, statins can have side effects, but most people tolerate statins quite well. There are more than six different statins. Some statins are more effective at lowering LDL levels while others have fewer side effects. The best statin for individuals is usually determined through a conversation with their physician.
Adults who have never had their cholesterol checked and those with a family history of heart disease and stroke should make an appointment with their physician to discuss ways to reduce their risk.
Ryan M. Harden, MD MS
Gateway Family Health Clinic
